package pdf

import "core:math"

// Point is a coordinate pair. PDF user space is y-up with the origin at the
// bottom-left of the page; device space here is y-down with the origin at the
// top-left of the bitmap, and the flip lives in the base matrix that
// `render_page` builds, not in the geometry code.
Point :: [2]f64

// Matrix is a PDF transformation matrix, stored in the order the format writes
// it: `[a b c d e f]` standing for
//
//     | a b 0 |
//     | c d 0 |
//     | e f 1 |
//
// with row vectors, so a point maps as x' = a*x + c*y + e, y' = b*x + d*y + f.
Matrix :: struct {
    a, b, c, d, e, f: f64,
}

MATRIX_IDENTITY :: Matrix{1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0}

// Rect is an axis-aligned rectangle. x0/y0 is not required to be the lower
// corner on construction -- `rect_normalize` sorts them -- because PDF
// rectangle arrays are explicitly allowed to give their corners in either
// order.
Rect :: struct {
    x0, y0, x1, y1: f64,
}

RECT_EMPTY   :: Rect{0, 0, 0, 0}
// RECT_INFINITE is the identity for intersection: clipping against it is a
// no-op, which is what an unset clip path needs to be.
RECT_INFINITE :: Rect{-1e30, -1e30, 1e30, 1e30}

// A4 in points, the fallback page size for a page with no usable /MediaBox.
DEFAULT_PAGE_RECT :: Rect{0, 0, 595.276, 841.89}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Matrices
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// matrix_mul returns m applied first, then n. This is the order the `cm`
// operator wants: `CTM = cm_operand * CTM`.
matrix_mul :: proc "contextless" (m, n: Matrix) -> Matrix {
    return Matrix{
        a = m.a * n.a + m.b * n.c,
        b = m.a * n.b + m.b * n.d,
        c = m.c * n.a + m.d * n.c,
        d = m.c * n.b + m.d * n.d,
        e = m.e * n.a + m.f * n.c + n.e,
        f = m.e * n.b + m.f * n.d + n.f,
    }
}

translate_matrix :: proc "contextless" (tx, ty: f64) -> Matrix {
    return Matrix{1, 0, 0, 1, tx, ty}
}

scale_matrix :: proc "contextless" (sx, sy: f64) -> Matrix {
    return Matrix{sx, 0, 0, sy, 0, 0}
}

// rotate_matrix takes degrees, matching the /Rotate page entry and the way
// callers think about page rotation.
rotate_matrix :: proc "contextless" (degrees: f64) -> Matrix {
    r := degrees * math.PI / 180
    s := math.sin(r)
    c := math.cos(r)
    return Matrix{c, s, -s, c, 0, 0}
}

skew_matrix :: proc "contextless" (ax, ay: f64) -> Matrix {
    return Matrix{1, math.tan(ay * math.PI / 180), math.tan(ax * math.PI / 180), 1, 0, 0}
}

matrix_determinant :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix) -> f64 {
    return m.a * m.d - m.b * m.c
}

// matrix_invert reports ok = false for a singular matrix. Degenerate CTMs are
// legal in content streams (a zero-width scale is how some producers hide
// content) so callers must not assume success.
matrix_invert :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix) -> (inv: Matrix, ok: bool) {
    det := matrix_determinant(m)
    if det == 0 || !is_finite(det) {
        return MATRIX_IDENTITY, false
    }
    id := 1 / det
    inv.a = m.d * id
    inv.b = -m.b * id
    inv.c = -m.c * id
    inv.d = m.a * id
    inv.e = (m.c * m.f - m.d * m.e) * id
    inv.f = (m.b * m.e - m.a * m.f) * id
    return inv, true
}

transform_point :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix, p: Point) -> Point {
    return Point{
        m.a * p.x + m.c * p.y + m.e,
        m.b * p.x + m.d * p.y + m.f,
    }
}

// transform_vector applies only the linear part, for quantities that have a
// direction and a magnitude but no position -- a dash phase, a line width.
transform_vector :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix, p: Point) -> Point {
    return Point{m.a * p.x + m.c * p.y, m.b * p.x + m.d * p.y}
}

// transform_rect returns the bounding box of the transformed rectangle, which
// is larger than the transformed shape whenever the matrix rotates or skews.
transform_rect :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix, r: Rect) -> Rect {
    if r == RECT_INFINITE { return r }
    p0 := transform_point(m, Point{r.x0, r.y0})
    p1 := transform_point(m, Point{r.x1, r.y0})
    p2 := transform_point(m, Point{r.x0, r.y1})
    p3 := transform_point(m, Point{r.x1, r.y1})
    return Rect{
        x0 = min(p0.x, p1.x, p2.x, p3.x),
        y0 = min(p0.y, p1.y, p2.y, p3.y),
        x1 = max(p0.x, p1.x, p2.x, p3.x),
        y1 = max(p0.y, p1.y, p2.y, p3.y),
    }
}

// matrix_expansion is the square root of |determinant|: the average factor by
// which the matrix scales lengths. Used to turn a user-space line width or
// flatness tolerance into a device-space one.
matrix_expansion :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix) -> f64 {
    return math.sqrt(abs(matrix_determinant(m)))
}

// matrix_max_expansion is the largest factor by which the matrix can stretch
// any single direction. Flattening tolerance has to use this rather than the
// average, or a curve under an anisotropic scale flattens too coarsely along
// its stretched axis.
matrix_max_expansion :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix) -> f64 {
    return max(math.sqrt(m.a * m.a + m.b * m.b), math.sqrt(m.c * m.c + m.d * m.d))
}

matrix_is_identity :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix) -> bool {
    return m == MATRIX_IDENTITY
}

// matrix_is_rectilinear reports whether the matrix maps axis-aligned
// rectangles to axis-aligned rectangles. Axis-aligned clips can be applied as
// a scissor rect instead of a mask, which is much cheaper and covers most
// real content.
//
// The comparison is against a relative tolerance rather than against zero:
// `rotate_matrix(90)` computes cos(pi/2) as 6.1e-17, not 0, and a page with
// `/Rotate 90` is precisely the case this predicate exists to catch. Testing
// for exact zeros would answer "no" for every rotated page in existence.
matrix_is_rectilinear :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix) -> bool {
    scale := max(abs(m.a), abs(m.b), abs(m.c), abs(m.d))
    if scale == 0 {
        // A matrix that collapses everything to a point maps a rectangle to a
        // (degenerate) rectangle, so the cheap path is still correct.
        return true
    }
    eps := scale * 1e-9
    return (abs(m.b) <= eps && abs(m.c) <= eps) || (abs(m.a) <= eps && abs(m.d) <= eps)
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Rectangles
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rect_normalize :: proc "contextless" (r: Rect) -> Rect {
    return Rect{min(r.x0, r.x1), min(r.y0, r.y1), max(r.x0, r.x1), max(r.y0, r.y1)}
}

rect_width  :: proc "contextless" (r: Rect) -> f64 { return r.x1 - r.x0 }
rect_height :: proc "contextless" (r: Rect) -> f64 { return r.y1 - r.y0 }

rect_is_empty :: proc "contextless" (r: Rect) -> bool {
    return r.x1 <= r.x0 || r.y1 <= r.y0
}

rect_contains :: proc "contextless" (r: Rect, p: Point) -> bool {
    return p.x >= r.x0 && p.x <= r.x1 && p.y >= r.y0 && p.y <= r.y1
}

rect_intersect :: proc "contextless" (a, b: Rect) -> Rect {
    if a == RECT_INFINITE { return b }
    if b == RECT_INFINITE { return a }
    r := Rect{max(a.x0, b.x0), max(a.y0, b.y0), min(a.x1, b.x1), min(a.y1, b.y1)}
    if rect_is_empty(r) { return RECT_EMPTY }
    return r
}

rect_union :: proc "contextless" (a, b: Rect) -> Rect {
    if rect_is_empty(a) { return b }
    if rect_is_empty(b) { return a }
    return Rect{min(a.x0, b.x0), min(a.y0, b.y0), max(a.x1, b.x1), max(a.y1, b.y1)}
}

rect_include :: proc "contextless" (r: Rect, p: Point) -> Rect {
    if rect_is_empty(r) { return Rect{p.x, p.y, p.x, p.y} }
    return Rect{min(r.x0, p.x), min(r.y0, p.y), max(r.x1, p.x), max(r.y1, p.y)}
}

rect_expand :: proc "contextless" (r: Rect, by: f64) -> Rect {
    return Rect{r.x0 - by, r.y0 - by, r.x1 + by, r.y1 + by}
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Reading geometry out of the file
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// object_to_rect reads a 4-number array. The corners are normalised, so a
// /MediaBox written as [612 792 0 0] -- which is legal, and does occur -- comes
// back the right way round.
object_to_rect :: proc(doc: ^Document, o: Object) -> (r: Rect, ok: bool) {
    a := to_array(o) or_return
    if array_len(a) < 4 { return RECT_EMPTY, false }
    r = Rect{
        array_num(doc, a, 0),
        array_num(doc, a, 1),
        array_num(doc, a, 2),
        array_num(doc, a, 3),
    }
    if !rect_is_finite(r) { return RECT_EMPTY, false }
    return rect_normalize(r), true
}

// object_to_matrix reads a 6-number array, as written for /Matrix on form
// XObjects, patterns and Type3 fonts.
object_to_matrix :: proc(doc: ^Document, o: Object) -> (m: Matrix, ok: bool) {
    a := to_array(o) or_return
    if array_len(a) < 6 { return MATRIX_IDENTITY, false }
    m = Matrix{
        array_num(doc, a, 0),
        array_num(doc, a, 1),
        array_num(doc, a, 2),
        array_num(doc, a, 3),
        array_num(doc, a, 4),
        array_num(doc, a, 5),
    }
    if !matrix_is_finite(m) { return MATRIX_IDENTITY, false }
    return m, true
}

dict_rect :: proc(doc: ^Document, d: ^Dict, key: string, default := RECT_EMPTY) -> Rect {
    r, ok := object_to_rect(doc, dict_get(doc, d, key))
    return ok ? r : default
}

dict_matrix :: proc(doc: ^Document, d: ^Dict, key: string, default := MATRIX_IDENTITY) -> Matrix {
    m, ok := object_to_matrix(doc, dict_get(doc, d, key))
    return ok ? m : default
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Finite-value guards
//
// A NaN or infinity reaching the rasteriser turns into an unbounded scanline
// loop or a silently blank page, so every number that comes out of a file is
// checked at the boundary rather than trusted.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

is_finite :: proc "contextless" (x: f64) -> bool {
    return x == x && x != math.INF_F64 && x != math.NEG_INF_F64
}

rect_is_finite :: proc "contextless" (r: Rect) -> bool {
    return is_finite(r.x0) && is_finite(r.y0) && is_finite(r.x1) && is_finite(r.y1)
}

matrix_is_finite :: proc "contextless" (m: Matrix) -> bool {
    return is_finite(m.a) && is_finite(m.b) && is_finite(m.c) &&
           is_finite(m.d) && is_finite(m.e) && is_finite(m.f)
}

// clamp_finite replaces a non-finite value with `fallback`.
clamp_finite :: proc "contextless" (x, fallback: f64) -> f64 {
    return is_finite(x) ? x : fallback
}